Lukas 1:9-10

1:9 he was chosen by lot, according to the custom of the priesthood, ¹  to enter ²  the holy place ³  of the Lord and burn incense. 1:10 Now ⁴  the whole crowd ⁵  of people were praying outside at the hour of the incense offering. ⁶ 

Lukas 19:46

19:46 saying to them, “It is written, ‘My house will be a house of prayer,’ ⁷  but you have turned it into a den ⁸  of robbers!” ⁹ 

[1:9]  ¹ tn Grk “according to the custom of the priesthood it fell to him by lot.” The order of the clauses has been rearranged in the translation to make it clear that the prepositional phrase κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἱερατείας (kata to eqo" th" Jierateia", “according to the custom of the priesthood”) modifies the phrase “it fell to him by lot” rather than the preceding clause.

[1:9]  ² tn This is an aorist participle and is temporally related to the offering of incense, not to when the lot fell.

[1:9]  ³ tn Or “temple.” Such sacrifices, which included the burning of incense, would have occurred in the holy place according to the Mishnah (m. Tamid 1.2; 3.1; 5-7). A priest would have given this sacrifice, which was offered for the nation, once in one’s career. It would be offered either at 9 a.m. or 3 p.m., since it was made twice a day.

[1:10]  ⁴ tn Grk “And,” but “now” better represents the somewhat parenthetical nature of this statement in the flow of the narrative.

[1:10]  ⁵ tn Grk “all the multitude.” While “assembly” is sometimes used here to translate πλῆθος (plhqo"), that term usually implies in English a specific or particular group of people. However, this was simply a large group gathered outside, which was not unusual, especially for the afternoon offering.

[1:10]  ⁶ tn The “hour of the incense offering” is another way to refer to the time of sacrifice.

[19:46]  ⁷ sn A quotation from Isa 56:7.

[19:46]  ⁸ tn Or “a hideout” (see L&N 1.57).

[19:46]  ⁹ sn A quotation from Jer 7:11. The meaning of Jesus’ statement about making the temple courts a den of robbers probably operates here at two levels. Not only were the religious leaders robbing the people financially, but because of this they had also robbed them spiritually by stealing from them the opportunity to come to know God genuinely. It is possible that these merchants had recently been moved to this location for convenience.